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<p>Several indicators can help understand market sentiment. The Volatility Index (VIX), often called the "fear gauge," measures market uncertainty. A high VIX indicates fear and uncertainty, while a low VIX suggests confidence. The Put-Call Ratio (PCR) compares the volume of put options (representing bearish bets) to call options (representing bullish bets). A high PCR suggests bearish sentiment, while a low PCR suggests bullish sentiment. Sentiment surveys, like those by the AAII, measure investor outlook<br></p>